What is Clinical Psychology, and do I need it?
Psychology is the study of the human mind and behaviour. And just like humans are unique and diverse, so is the field of psychology. Over the past few months, we’ve explored different areas of psychology, such as sports psychology and school psychology. This time, we’re digging a little deeper into clinical psychology.
Let’s get started.
When you picture a psychologist working with clients—what do you envision? If it’s a practitioner engaging and assessing clients, and facilitating treatment for a variety of mental health conditions, you might be thinking of a clinical psychologist.
According to the Canadian Psychological Association, clinical psychology is the field of practice that addresses human functioning. This field within psychology focuses on understanding, diagnosing and treating mental health issues, emotional distress and behavioural disorders.
This may include looking at human problems and their solution, and/or the promotion of physical, mental and social wellbeing. These practitioners use evidence-based therapeutic techniques and interventions to address a wide range of psychological concerns, like anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders—the list goes on and on.
This branch is one of the vaster areas in psychology. Clinical psychologists are trained professionals who can work with all ages of clients, from varied backgrounds, cultures and communities.
Historically, it’s thought that Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud may be one of the earliest influences on the clinical psychology with the development of “talk therapy.” But it was an American psychologist, Lightner Witmer, who coined the term “clinical psychology” in 1907. The demand for clinical psychologists grew throughout both World War I and II, to perform psychological assessments and to help treat “shell shock,” now referred to as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Today, clinical psychology is one of the most popular branches of psychology.
What makes it different from other types of psychology?
While psychology explores the workings of the human mind, clinical psychology stands apart due to its emphasis on clinical assessment and therapeutic intervention. Professionals in this field primarily concern themselves with the practical application of psychological principles to improve individuals' mental health. They may engage in a range of environments, including one-on-one therapy sessions, group therapy, and couples and family therapy, tailoring their approaches to suit the unique needs of everyone.
Three common approaches within clinical psychology include:
Cognitive behaviour approach: Clinical psychologists who use this approach will explore connections between an individual’s feelings, behaviours and thoughts. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is often used to help shift the behaviours and thoughts that may lead to emotional distress.
Dialectical behaviour therapy: This psychological approach helps individuals to learn and utilize new and different skills and strategies, such as mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation and interpersonal effectiveness skills. This form of therapy aims to help people better manage difficult thoughts and emotions and move forward in a positive way.
Acceptance and commitment therapy: This is an action-oriented approach to psychotherapy that is derived from cognitive behaviour therapy as well as behaviour therapy. During this approach, therapists will help individuals lean in towards acceptance of difficult emotions as understandable responses to particular situations. The process of acceptance can help people handle hardships and move forward with their lives.
Becoming a clinical psychologist in Ontario requires a specific education path, training and licensure. It is a journey that requires dedication, education and practical experience.
The first step is completing a bachelor’s degree in psychology, followed by a master’s degree or a doctoral degree in psychology. In itself, this requires a minimum of six years of schooling. There are programs across Canada that are accredited by the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA).
Those with a master’s degree can then go on to complete four years of supervised practice to become a registered psychological associate. Those with a doctoral degree can go on to complete one to two years of supervised practice to become a registered psychologist.
In Ontario, the College of Psychologists of Ontario (CPO) oversees the practice of psychology. To become a licensed clinical psychologist, one must apply to the COP for registration. This process includes submitting transcripts, proof of internship and supervised experience, and passing CPO’s written and oral examinations. The process of writing these exams under supervision takes no less than one year and can be a four-year process for those who enter it with an MA in psychology.
It doesn’t end there. Once you’ve become a licensed clinical psychologist, you’ll need to engage in continued professional development and education to stay updated on the latest research, techniques, trends and ethical standards in the field.
It's important to note that the specific requirements and processes may vary slightly, so it's recommended to check with the CPO and the universities offering clinical psychology programs in Ontario for the most up-to-date information.
Recognizing when to seek help from a clinical psychologist can make a significant impact on your mental wellbeing and/or the mental wellbeing of your loved ones. Here are some indicators that seeking professional help may be beneficial:
You don’t feel like yourself: If you or your loved one experiences prolonged periods of feelings like sadness, anger, anxiety, it may be time to consult a clinical psychologist.
Your symptoms interfere with your daily life: If you’re having a hard time focusing or managing your emotions, and it’s interfering with your work and your daily tasks, this may indicate you’re experiencing emotional distress.
You find yourself using unhealthy coping mechanisms: Turning to substances, self-harm or other negative coping strategies during times of distress can indicate a need for professional support.
Your relationships are impacted: Struggling with relationships, be it with family, friends or colleagues, could be a sign of underlying emotional concerns.
Your behaviours have changed: Drastic and persistent changes in sleeping, eating or your daily routine could indicate a need to consult a clinical psychologist.
Clinical psychology plays a pivotal role in nurturing mental health, offering a safe space for individuals to share and explore their thoughts, feelings and experiences. Through customized approaches, clinical psychologists can empower people to overcome their psychological challenges and lead fulfilling lives.
If your or someone you care about is struggling, remember that seeking the guidance of a licensed clinical psychologist is a positive step toward healing and growth. Let the OPA help you find the right clinical psychologist for you—visit askforhelptoday.ca.